Find your next starting point.

def reading_minutes(pages, rate):
    # Return the duration from both supplied inputs.
    return None

print(reading_minutes(18, 6))

Which value represents an amount, and which represents the rate?

Division computes time from amount and amount-per-minute. return hands the result to the caller.

For 12 pages at 4 pages per minute, reason about 12 / 4 before editing the function.

Reveal after your own attempt. This is guided practice, not a pass; your draft stays unchanged.

def reading_minutes(pages, rate):
    return pages / rate

Trace: Name the two inputs and predict one call before running. A function that only prints returns None.

Close this solution, rebuild from the brief, then predict and try fresh inputs. Record outside help in your notes; a later check does not prove independence.

def review_ids(rows):
    # Select matching IDs without changing the records.
    return []

rows = [{"id": "A", "minutes": 9}, {"id": "B", "minutes": 10}]
print(review_ids(rows))

Does a value of exactly 10 belong in your result? What should empty input produce?

Visit each record, inspect its minutes field, then append only its id when the rule matches.

A list comprehension can combine the loop and condition, but an ordinary loop with append is equally valid.

Reveal after your own attempt. This is guided practice, not a pass; your draft stays unchanged.

def review_ids(rows):
    return [r["id"] for r in rows if r["minutes"] >= 10]

Trace: Trace 9 and 10, explain why order and duplicates remain, then try an empty collection.

Close this solution, rebuild from the brief, then predict and try fresh inputs. Record outside help in your notes; a later check does not prove independence.

def parse_count(text):
    # Validate the caller, then handle expected conversion failure.
    return None

print(parse_count(" 7 "))
print(parse_count("seven"))

Which caller error is different from an expected bad string? Why must zero remain valid?

Check isinstance(text, str) before int. A try/except ValueError can handle malformed integer text.

After conversion, a negative value is refused; returning None is different from returning 0 for every failure.

Reveal after your own attempt. This is guided practice, not a pass; your draft stays unchanged.

def parse_count(text):
    if not isinstance(text,str): raise TypeError("text required")
    try:
        value=int(text)
    except ValueError:
        return None
    return value if value >= 0 else None

Trace: Explain the different outcomes of "0", "seven" and a numeric caller. A refusal is not a successful measurement.

Close this solution, rebuild from the brief, then predict and try fresh inputs. Record outside help in your notes; a later check does not prove independence.

def valid_rating(value):
    return isinstance(value, int) and 0 <= value <= 5

def test_rating(candidate):
    # Replace this print with real assertions using candidate.
    print("not yet a test")

test_rating(valid_rating)

True is an int subclass. Which lower and upper values distinguish the broken rules from the correct one?

A success print checks nothing. Call candidate inside assert statements for accepted and refused inputs.

Check candidate(1), candidate(5), candidate(0), candidate(6) and candidate(True) with is True/is False.

Reveal after your own attempt. This is guided practice, not a pass; your draft stays unchanged.

def valid_rating(value):
    return type(value) is int and 1 <= value <= 5
def test_rating(candidate):
    assert candidate(1) is True
    assert candidate(5) is True
    assert candidate(0) is False
    assert candidate(6) is False
    assert candidate(True) is False

Trace: Name the original bug. Explain why a success print or a test that always raises cannot establish the rule.

Close this solution, rebuild from the brief, then predict and try fresh inputs. Record outside help in your notes; a later check does not prove independence.